Yini edingekayo ukuze kuhlonzwe i-IBD?

UKUHLOLWA KWEGAZI NENDLE

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungabonisa ukuthi ingabe unakho ukuvuvukala (i-CRP noma i-ESR ephakeme) ndawana-thile emzimbeni noma ukuthi une-anemiya yini (i-haemoglobin ephansi), kokubili okuyizinto ezivame ukutholwa ezigulini ezine-IBD. Futhi kungabonisa ukuthi ingabe izitho ezinjengesibindi nezindo zisebenza kahle yini nokuthi ingabe ushoda ngamaminerali noma ngamavithamini athile. 

Indle yakho nayo ingahlolwa kufunwa izimpawu zokopha noma zokuvuvukala (i-calprotectin), nokuhlola ukuthi ingabe uhudo ludalwa yilesi sifo.

ENDOSCOPY

I-endoscopy yigama elivamile lohlobo lokuhlolwa oluvumela udokotela onguchwepheshe (i-endoscopist) ukuba abheke ngokuqondile ngaphakathi kwesimiso sokugaywa kokudla, esebenzisa isipopolo. Uma kusolwa i-IBD kunconywa ukuthi uthunyelwe ku-gastroenterologist owelaphayo noma ohlinzayo ukuze wenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-endoscopy. 

Uma enza i-endoscopy udokotela noma uchwepheshe we-endoscopy usebenzisa i-endoscope – ishubhu elide elincane, ngokuvamile elithambile elinekhamera echosheni – ukuze ahlole isimiso sakho sokugaywa kokudla. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukene ze-endoscopy ezingaba namagama ahlukene ngokwengxenye yomgudu wokudla ohlolwayo. 

I-upper GI endoscopy noma i-gastroscopy isetshenziselwa ukubheka ingxenye engenhla yesimiso sokugaywa kokudla, njengomphimbo nesisu. Ifakwa emlonyeni. 

I-colonoscopy noma i-sigmoidoscopy isetshenziselwa ukuhlola upopopo. I-sigmoidoscope (i-endoscope emfushane) noma i-colonoscope (i-endoscope ende ethe ukuthamba) izofakwa endunwini (ngemuva) ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi lendunu nopopopo. 

Ama-endoscopy akufanele abe buhlungu kodwa angase angakuphathi kahle, ngakho kungase kudingeke unikezwe umuthi obulala imizwa ukuze unethezeke. Ngokuvamile kuthathwa ama-biopsy (amasampula amancane ezicubu) uma kwenziwa i-endoscopy. La masampula angahlolwa ngesibona-khulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi une-IBD. 

I-capsul endoscopy uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-endoscopy lapho ugwinya khona ikhamera encane (elingana cishe negilebhisi elincane) edlula esimisweni sokugaywa kokudla, ishutha izithombe zengaphakathi lomgudu. Lezi zithombe zithunyelwa kusiqophi sedatha esifakwa esihlakaleni. Le khepsuli iyagayeka futhi iphuma enzimbeni ngendlela engokwemvelo uma uzikhipha. Akuzona zonke izikhungo ezine-capsule endoscopy futhi ingase ingabalungeli bonke abantu.

AMA-X-RAY ESISU NEZEKENI ZE-CT

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene zama-X-ray asetshenziswa ku-IBD. Ama-X-ray avamile esisu angase asetshenziswe ezimweni eziphuthumayo noma ekuqaleni ekuhlonzeni abantu abane-IBD. 

Amaskeni e-CT asebenzisa uchungechunge lwezithombe ze-X-ray ukwakha isithombe somzimba esinemininingwane. Iskeni simise okwendilinga, futhi ama-X-ray athathwa kuma-engela ahlukene, izithombe eziphumayo ziyahlanganiswa ukuze kwakhiwe imifanekiso yomzimba eyi-2D (enezinhlangothi ezimbili). 

Isimiso sokugaywa kokudla ngokuvamile asibonakali kahle kuma-X-ray, ngakho kungase kudingeke unikwe i-barium ukuze kuvezwe isithombe esicacile. Lolu utho olumhlophe olungeyona ingozi olungamunceki emzimbeni, kodwa kunalokho luba ulwelwesi lwesikhashana ngaphakathi komgudu wokudla. Ama-X-ray adlula ku-barium, ngakho lokhu kunikeza uhlaka olucacile lomgudu wokudla ezithombeni zama-X-ray. I-barium inganikezwa njengesiphuzo ukuze kubonakale izinkinga ekusebenzeni kwesisu noma emathunjini amancane, noma uchathwe ngayo ukuze kubonakale ukuvuvukala kukapopopo.

AMA-ULTRASOUND ESISU

Izikeni zama-ultrasound zisebenza ngokusebenzisa amaza omsindo anamandla aphakeme ukwakha isithombe. Isensa ebanjwa ngesandla ihanjiswa phezu kwesikhumba, futhi lokhu kuthumela amasiginali amaza omsindo ‘ashayiseka’ ezithweni zangaphakathi zomzimba adale ukunkeneneza. Iskeni sibe sesihlanganisa lokhu kunkeneneza sakhe isithombe. 

Izikeni ze-ultrasound zingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ama-gall stone namaguludla ezinso. Futhi ziyasiza nasekutholeni ukunqwabelana koketshezi kanye nezingxenye eziwugqinsi nezivuvukele zolwelwesi lwamathumbu. I-ultrasound ingabonisa namathumba nama-fistula (imizila engavamile ehlanganisa izingxenye ezihlukene zamathumbu).

IZIKENI ZE-MRI

Izikeni ze-MRI zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izithombe ezibonisa ingaphakathi lomzimba. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ukuphenya i-IBD, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ngoba zigwema ukusetshenziswa kwama-X-ray. Kunalokho, zisebenzisa amandla kazibuthe amakhulu namaza omsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe zengaphakathi lomzimba.

Iskeni se-MRI sifana neshubhu elide noma umhubhe, futhi uzocelwa ukuba ulale etafuleni elinyakazayo elingena kancane kancane ngaphakathi kulo mhubhe. Izikeni ze-MRI ziyindlela enhle yokuhlola izicubu ezithambile njengemisipha namathumbu, kanye nezitho ezinjengesibindi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekutholeni ama-fistula (imizila engavamile ehlanganisa izingxenye ezihlukene zamathumbu), kanye namathumba, nokuhlukanisa phakathi kokuvuvukala okuqhubekayo nezibazi.