Kufuneka ntoni ukuze uxilongelwe i-IBD?

IIMVAVANYO ZEGAZI NELINDLE

Iimvavanyo zegazi zingabonisa ukuba ingaba unokukrala kusini na (i-CRP okanye i-ESR) kwindawo ethile emzimbeni wakho nokuba ingaba uneanemiya kusini na (inani eliphantsi leeseli ezibomvu zegazi), zombini zizinto ezixhaphakileyo ezifunyaniswa kwizigulane ezine-IBD. Zinakho nokubonisa ukuba ingaba amalungu omzimba afana nesibindi kunye nezintso asebenza kakuhle na kwaye ingaba kukho naziphi na iiminerali neevithamini osilela kuzo. 

Ilindle lakho lingavavanyelwa iimpawu zokopha okanye zokukrala (icalprotectin), nokuhlola ukuba ingaba urhudo lubangelwa lusuleleko na.

I-ENDOSCOPY

I-endoscopy ligama jikelele lohlobo lovavanyo oluvumela ugqirha osispeshalisti (i-endoscopist) ukuba ajonge ngqo ngaphakathi kumxokelelwano wokwetyisa, esebenzisa i-endoscope (umbojana onekhamera). Ukuba kurhanelwa i-IBD kucetyiswa ukuba ugqithiselwe kugqirha okanye ingcaphephe yokutyanda eyi-gastroenterologist ukuze wenziwe iimvavanyo ze-endoscopy. 

Kuhlolo lwe-endoscopy ugqirha okanye ispeshalisti esiyiendoscopist sisebenzisa i-endoscope – umbhobho omde obhityileyo, odla ngokuba bhetyebhetye onekhamera apha encamini – wokuhlola umxokelelwano wakho wokwetyisa. Kukho iintlobo eziliqela ze-endoscopy ezinokuba namagama awohlukileyo athiywe ngokwale ndawo iyihlolayo esiswini. 

I-upper GI endoscopy okanye gastroscopy isetyenziswa ukujonga le ndawo ikumantla omxokelelwano wokwetyisa, efana nommizo kunye nesisu. Ifakwa ngomlomo. 

Icolonoscopy okanye isigmoidoscopy isetyenziselwa ukujonga ubholobholo. Isigmoidoscope (iendoscope emfutshanana) okanye icolonoscope (iendoscope endana nebhetyebhetye kakhulu) iya kufakwa ngeempundu (ingeniswa ngemva) ukuze ihlole undonci kunye nobholobholo. 

Iiendoscopy akufanelanga zibe buhlungu okanye zingakuphathi kakuhle, ngoko usenokunikwa isidomalalisi ukuze sikuncede uphole. Iibiopsies (iisampuli ezincinci zezicwili) zidla ngokuthathwa xa kusenziwa iendoscopy. Ezi zicwili zingahlolwa phantsi kwemayikhroskowuphu ukuze kuncediswe ukuqinisekisa ukufunyaniswa kwe-IBD. 

Iendoscopy eyikhepsuli luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-endoscopy, apho uginya ikhamera encinci (malunga nesayizi yediliya) ethi ihambe kumxokelelwano wokwetyisa, ithatha iifoto ngaphakathi esiswini. Ezi foto zigqithiselwa kwinto yokurekhoda iingcombolo enxitywa apha esinqeni. Le khepsuli iyalahlwa kwaye iphuma emzimbeni ngokwendalo xa uzithuma. Iendoscopy eyikhepsuli ayifumaneki kuwo onke amaziko kwaye isenokungalungeli wonke umntu.

II-X-RAY NEE-CT SCANS ZESISU

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukileyo ze-X-ray ezisetyenziswayo kwi-IBD. Ii-X-ray zesisu ezingenankcasalala zisenokusetyenziswa ngexesha longxamiseko okanye xa kuqalwa ukuxilongwa abantu abane-IBD. 

Ii-CT scan zisebenzisa uludwe olupheleleyo lwemifanekiso ye-X-ray ukuze zakhe umfanekiso womzimba obonisa konke. Iskena simile njengedowunathi, kwaye ii-X-ray zithathwa ngee-engile ezahlukileyo, le mifanekiso iveliswayo iyadityaniswa ukuze ivelise imifanekiso eyi-2D (two dimensional) yomzimba ucandwe phakathi. 

Umxokelelwano wokwetyisa awuveli kakuhle rhoqo kwii-X-ray, ngoko usenokunikwa ibarium ukuncedisa ukuvelisa umfanekiso ocace nangakumbi. Le yinto emhlophe engafunxwayo ngumzimba, endaweni yoko yenza uqweqwe lwexeshana apha ngaphakathi esiswini. Ii-X-ray azinakugqitha ngaphaya kwebarium, ngoko le nto yenza imifanekiso ye-X-ray eneziphelo ezicace ngcono. Ibarium inganikezwa njengesiselo ukunceda ukuveza iingxaki kwindlela isisu okanye amathumbu amancinci asebenza ngayo, okanye inikezwe ngesavenge ukuze iveze ukukrala kubholobholo. 

II-ULTRASOUND ZESISU

Izikena zeultrasound zisebenza ngokusebenzisa ifrikhwensi ephezulu kakhulu yamaza esandi ukuze zidale umfanekiso. Isensa ebanjwa ngesandla iyahanjiswa apha kumphezulu wesikhumba, ize ithumele iisignali zamaza esandi ezithi ‘zibhampe’ kumalungu omzimba njenge-echo. Iskena sithi ke sicholachole ezo echo size sizijike zibe ngumfanekiso. 

Izikeni zeultrasound zisenokusetyenziswa ukwenzela amatye enyongo namatye ezintso. Zikwasebenza kakuhle nokufumana ulwelo oluqokeleleneyo kunye neendawo eziye zatyeba okanye zakrala apha kwiindonga zesisu. Iultrasound isenokuveza amathumbu okanye iifistula (iipaseji ezingaqhelekanga ezidibanisa iindawo ezahlukileyo emathunjini). 

IZIKENI ZE-MRI

Izikeni ze-MRI zisetyenziswa ukuvelisa imifanekiso yomzimba ucandwe phakathi. Ziya zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuphonononga i-IBD, ingakumbi ebantwaneni, kuba kuphetshwa ukusetyenziswa kwee-X-ray. Endaweni yoko, zisebenzisa iimagnetic fields kunye namaza erediyo ezibukhali ukuze zivelise imifanekiso yangaphakathi emzimbeni.  Iskena se-MRI sikhangeleka njengombhobho omde, kwaye uya kucelwa ukuba ungqengqe kwitafile ehambayo neye ingene kancinci phantsi kwale tonela. Izikeni ze-MRI yindlela elungileyo yokukhangela izicwili ezithambileyo ezifana nezihlunu kunye namathumbu, kwakunye namalungu omzimba afana nesibindi. Oku kungenxa yokuba sisebenza ngokukodwa ekufumaneni iifistula (iipaseji ezingaqhelekanga ezidibanisa iindawo ezahlukileyo zamathumbu), namathumba, nasekwahluleni phakathi kokukrala kunye neziva.

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